A.BORERS
Bud worm, Anarsia epotias 

Symptoms of damage

Webbed flowers and buds Shedding of buds and flowers. Bore holes and excreta seen on attacked flowers.

Identification of pest

Larva - small, slender, pinkish brown with black head Adult: Grey moth with black patch on wings.

Management

Spray phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit or phosphamidon 40 SL 2 ml/lit. Application of neem oil 2% or neem seed kernel extract 5 %.

Fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis 

Symptoms of damage

Maggot bore into semi-ripen fruits with decayed spots and dropping of fruits. Oozing of fluid Brownish rotten patches on fruits.

Identification of pest
Larva - Yellowish apodous maggots. Adult - Light brown with transparent wing	Maggots Adult

Management

Collect fallen infested fruits and dispose them by dumping in a pit and covering with soil. Provide summer ploughing to expose the pupa Monitor the activity of flies with methyl eugenol sex lure traps. Use bait spray combing any one of the insecticides and molasses or jaggery 10 g/l fenthion 100EC 1ml/l, malathion 50EC 2 ml/l, dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l, carbaryl 50 WP 4 g/l. two rounds at 2 weeks interval before ripening of fruits.

Prepare bait with methyl eugenol 1% solution mixed with malathion 0.1%. Take 10 ml of this mixture per trap and keep them in 25 different places in one hectare Heavy infestation - application of dust and sprays of pyrethrum or BHC Spray fenthion 100 EC 2 ml/ lit or malathion 50 EC 2ml/lit. Field release of natural enemies Opius compensates and Spalangia philippines

Stem borer, Plocaederus ferrugineus

Symptoms of damage

Presence of small holes at the collar region Gummosis Extrusion of frass through the bore holes at the collar region Yellowing and shedding of leaves Drying up of twigs and gradual death of the tree.

Identification of pest
Adult - medium sized reddish brown beetle. Head and thorax - dark brown or almost black.

Management

Collect and destroy the damaged plants Field sanitation Swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2 or Carbaryl 50 WP 20 g / l on the basal portion of the trunk ( 3 feet height) After scraping the loose bark to prevent oviposition by adult beetles. If infestations are severe then apply the copper oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree. One celphos tablet (3 g aluminum phosphide) per hole Apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug with mud.

LEAF FEEDERS
Leaf webber or Chichoo moth, Nephopteyrx eugraphella 

Symptoms of damage

Caterpillar webs and feed on  leaves Scrapping chlorophyll content   Leaves dried and hanging from the webbed shoots Caterpillar bores into flower buds and tender fruits - withered and shed.

Identification of pest

Egg - pale yellow colour, oval shaped Larva – pinkish in colour, brown stripes on each side of the body. Adult: Greyish moth with brown or black spot on the fore wing

Management

Remove and destruct the infested fruits from the orchard Collect and remove the dried  clusters of leaf web Insecticides: Spray phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit or phosphamidon 40 SL 2 ml/lit or neem seed kernel extract 5 %. Spray application of cypermethrin 0.025 % affords protection.

5. Hairy caterpillar, Metanastria hytaca 

Symptoms of damage

Caterpillars feed on leaves Defoliation

Identification of pest

Larva - yellowish brown with black spots and long lateral tufts of hairs Adults: Grayish head and thorax and whitish abdomen. Forewings are reddish brown spot ringed with white Hind wings are white.

Management

Field sanitation Free from weeds and debris Collect and destroy the egg mass Burning the groups of larvae found on tree trunks with torches. Spray chlorpyriphos 20EC or phosalone 2 ml/l Spraying of cypermethrin 0.025%. Dusting carbaryl 10 D on the trunk and branches (around the tree 4 feet) Field release of chalcidid wasp, Brachymeria sp.

SAP FEEDERS
Striped mealy bug: Ferrisia virgata

Symptoms of damage

Presence of white mealy mass on the terminal shoots and under surface of the leaves Yellowing of older leaves

Identification of pest
Adult - Female has long filaments on the posterior end of the body

Management

Collect and destroy egg masses and caterpillars Use burning torch to kill the congregating larvae Use light trap to attract and kill the adults Spray methyl demeton 25 EC@ 0.05%or dimethoate 30 EC @ 0.06% Field release of Cryptoleamus montrouzieri 20 per tree

Green Scale, Coccus viridis

Symptoms of damage

Nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves Yellowing of leaves

Identification of pest
Nymph: Pale lemon yellow Adult: green, flat oval soft scale

Management

Prune and destroy the infested shoots at initial stage of infestation. After two weeks release 20 predator beetles viz., C. montrouzieri beetle per tree. Encourage parasitoids viz., Aneristis sp Coccophgagus cowperi, C. bogoriensis